First Aid Response FAR

First aid is the immediate assistance given to an injured or ill person.

Definition of Basic Life Support

External support for circulation and ventilation through cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for a patient experiencing cardiac and respiratory arrest.

Basic Life Support aims to replace the heart’s function as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body in cases of cardiac arrest, thereby preventing tissue death in the heart or brain.

An unconscious victim who is experiencing cardiac and respiratory arrest.

  • Scene Safety
  • Check for response
  • Call for help
  • 30 chest compressions : 2 rescue breaths
  • If the victim begins to breathe spontaneously, place them in the recovery position.
  • Advanced medical help arrives
  • The rescuer is exhausted.
  • There is a Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC).
  • The victim shows signs of death
  • The environment becomes hazardous.
  • There is no response after 30 minutes of CPR.
Introduction

Jellyfish stings are caused by microscopic stingers on their tentacles that release venom into the skin. Symptoms can range from mild, such as itching and pain, to severe, such as difficulty breathing and chest pain. First aid includes immersing the stung area in hot water (43-45°C) and removing any attached tentacles.

  • Mild: Pain, itching, a burning sensation, redness, rash, or welts.
  • Severe: Difficulty breathing, chest pain, muscle cramps, blisters, numbness, nausea, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, abdominal pain, or excessive sweating.
  • Get out of the water:
    Avoid further stings and exit the water immediately.
  • Soak in hot water:
    Immerse the stung area in hot water (43-45°C) for 20-45 minutes.
  • Remove tentacles:
    If tentacles are attached, carefully remove them using tweezers or while wearing gloves.
  • Medication:
    Apply a 0.5-1% hydrocortisone cream to the stung area twice a day.
  • Monitor symptoms:
    If severe symptoms occur, seek immediate medical attention

Note: Diluted vinegar is effective for Box Jellyfish and Portuguese Man o’ War stings but not for all types of jellyfish. Do not rub the stung area, as this can worsen the condition.

Introduction

Sea urchin stings can be very painful but are generally not dangerous. The primary first aid is to clean the wound with warm water and soap, then remove any embedded spines with tweezers. If the spines are difficult to remove or the wound is extremely painful, seek immediate medical help.

  • Severe Pain:
    Immediate pain upon the spine piercing the skin.
  • Puncture Wounds:
    Visible on the skin, sometimes with a bluish-black discoloration or bruising.
  • Redness and Swelling:
    The affected area will become inflamed
  • Retained Spines:
    Sea urchin spines are often not immediately visible and can remain lodged within the wound.
  • Remain calm:
    Do not panic and avoid excessive movement.
  • Clean the wound:
    Rinse the affected area with clean water and soap.
  • Remove the spines:
    Use clean tweezers to extract any embedded spines. Do not force them if they are difficult to remove
  • Soak the area:
    Immerse the affected area in hot water or a saline solution for 30-90 minutes.
  • Treat the pain:
    If pain persists, use a pain reliever such as paracetamol.
  • Watch for signs of infection:
    If the wound shows signs of infection (redness, swelling, pus), consult a doctor immediately.

Note :

  1. Some sea urchins are venomous and can cause more serious symptoms.
  2. If you have a history of allergies, seek medical help immediately after being stung.
  3. Do not cover the sting wound with a bandage, as this can slow healing and increase the risk of infection
Introduction

Like other burns, the severity of sunburn varies, from mild to severe. Mild sunburn can be treated with self-care and typically improves within 7 days. Severe sunburn is rare but is a serious condition as dangerous as a burn from fire or chemicals.

  • Redness
  • A sensation of warmth or heat upon touch
  • Pain
  • Swelling
  • Small, fluid-filled blisters that may rupture
  • Skin becomes dry, itchy, and peels within a few days
  • Cool the sunburned area by running it under cool tap water.
  • Avoid direct contact between the skin and ice or ice packs, as this can worsen the sunburn.
  • Take a cool bath or shower to help cool the skin's temperature
  • Apply a moisturizer containing aloe vera
  • Drink plenty of water to replace lost body fluids and prevent dehydration.
  • Take paracetamol or ibuprofen to relieve pain, redness, and swelling.
  • Take vitamin D supplements to reduce inflammation and skin damage from sun exposure.
  • Wear protective gear and covered clothing when outdoors to prevent worsening the burn from direct sun exposure.
Introduction

Sea snake bites, though rare, can be extremely dangerous because their venom is highly toxic. The initial bite may be painless, but it can lead to serious symptoms such as muscle damage (rhabdomyolysis), paralysis, and respiratory failure. Essential first aid includes keeping the bitten area immobilized, applying a bandage, and seeking immediate medical attention.

  • Initially painless:
    The initial bite may feel like a small pinprick with no pain.
  • Bite marks:
    There may be 1-20 fang marks in the bite area.
  • Systemic symptoms:
    Sea snake venom can cause muscle pain, stiffness, paralysis, nausea, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, and respiratory problems.
  • Serious complications:
    A sea snake bite can lead to muscle damage (rhabdomyolysis), kidney failure, heart failure, and even death due to respiratory failure.
  • Stay calm:
    Try to remain calm and do not panic.
  • Immobilize:
    Keep the bitten area still to prevent the spread of venom.
  • Bandage:
    Wrap the bite area with a clean, dry bandage, but not too tightly.
  • Avoid massaging or sucking the wound:
    Do not massage or suck the wound, as it is ineffective and can worsen the condition.
  • Remove jewelry:
    Remove all jewelry or tight clothing from around the bite area, as swelling may occur.
  • Seek medical help:
    Immediately contact medical services or transport the victim to the nearest hospital.

Note :

  1. Sea snakes are generally not aggressive but may bite if they feel threatened.
  2. Prompt and proper medical treatment is crucial to prevent complications.
  3. Do not attempt to treat a sea snake bite yourself.
Introduction

Decompression sickness is a pathological condition caused by the formation of gas bubbles in the blood and body tissues due to rapid pressure changes. These gas bubbles can cause various symptoms, such as joint pain, fatigue, nausea, neurological disorders, and even death if not treated properly.

  • Diving: When divers ascend to the surface too quickly, the decrease in water pressure can cause gases dissolved in the blood and body tissues to form gas bubbles.
  • Aviation: When pilots or passengers experience rapid pressure changes, it can cause DCS.
  • Working in high-pressure environments: Workers who work in high-pressure environments, such as underwater construction workers or miners, are also at risk of DCS.
  • Identify symptoms:
    Recognise the symptoms of DCS, such as joint pain, fatigue, nausea, and neurological disorders.
  • Administer oxygen:
    Administer high-flow oxygen to help reduce symptoms.
  • Position the patient:
    Position the patient in a comfortable position, usually lying down with their legs slightly elevated.
  • Hydrate:
    Give fluids to help hydrate the patient
  • Do not give aspirin:
    Aspirin is not recommended as it can worsen the condition.
  • Evacuate immediately:
    Evacuate the patient immediately to a medical facility equipped with hyperbaric treatment facilities for further treatment.

Note :

It is important to remember that DCS treatment requires proper and professional medical care. Therefore, immediately contact emergency services or the nearest medical facility for assistance.

Introduction

Acute wound care is a series of actions to clean, protect, and accelerate the healing of a new wound. This care is essential to prevent infection and ensure optimal healing.

Wound Cleaning:

  • Clean the wound with running water or an antiseptic solution.
  • Dry the wound area with a clean cloth or sterile gauze.
  • Apply an antiseptic to the wound and cover it with a sterile bandage.

 

Wound Protection:

  • Keep the wound area dry and clean.
  • Change the bandage regularly, especially if it becomes wet or dirty.
  • Avoid using materials that adhere strongly to the wound.

 

Infection Prevention:

  • Wash hands before and after treating the wound.
  • Use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and a mask.
  • Monitor for signs of infection and consult a doctor immediately if necessary.

 

Dressing Selection:

  • Choose a dressing appropriate for the wound’s condition (e.g., a hydrogel dressing to maintain moisture).
  • Avoid using dressings that are too thick or absorb excessive fluid.
  •  

Note :

  1. Acute wound care must be performed carefully and according to medical instructions.
  2. If there are any doubts or complications, consult a doctor or a healthcare professional immediately.
  3. Infection prevention is key in acute wound care.
Emergency Call

Address : 
Joint Office : Banyumilir Foundations, Jalan Merak No. 1, dsn Celukbuluh. Desa Kalibukbuk

Observation and Monitoring Post : 
Jalan Mawar, Desa Kalibukbuk, Joint Office with Indonesia Army (TNI-AD)

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